Maui and Hawaiian Chronology

B.C. - 1795
Pre-Contact
1900 - 1959
The Territory of Hawaii
1795 - 1893
The Kingdom of Hawaii
1959
The State of Hawaii
1893 - 1898
The Republic of Hawaii
BIBLIOGRAPHY

Pre-Contact

B.C.

Early Asiatic civilization combined with American Indian civilization for a cultural diffusion across the Pacific (Oceania). The appearance of fabrics at Huaca Preita in Peru about 2500 B.C. evidences the presence of domestic cottons, of Asian introduction. Centerboards, fore-and-aft rigged sails in Southeast Asia and Indo-Pacific (Brazil, Peru), South American metal techniques and pottery of Asian influence, South American writing with at least two or three signs identical in form and meaning with early Chinese forms, the game of pachisi, sweet potatoes, hibiscus (hibiscus rosasinensis; considered to be an Asiatic plant is biologically adapted to the activities of American hummingbirds and not Asiatic bird pollinators), and an "Andean element" in the flora of Hawaii (including argemone, an American poppy) suggest Hawaii as a staging point for peoples maintaining a trans-Pacific contact between Asia and the northwest coast of South America.

300-500 A.D.

Polynesians from the South Pacific, probably the Marquesas Islands, begin migration to Hawaii in double-hulled voyaging canoes.


480 A.D.

One of Hawaii's first heiau, "Mookini Luakini," is built on the Big Island.

850 A.D.

Main Hawaiian Islands are occupied.

1100-1300 A.D.

Tahitian explorers arrive, initiating a second wave of immigration; they subdue and enslave the more primitive inhabitants.

1400 A.D.

The backbone of Hawaiian culture begins to emerge as social classes are established and the islanders split into tribes, adorning themselves with feathered capes, helmets and jewelry made from shells and human teeth.

Approximately 1736 - 1758

Kamehameha the Great is born on Kokala Coast, Hawaii.

According to Hawaiian astronomers of the time, a brilliant celestial star appeared in the sky the year of his birth (probably 1758 return of Halley's Comet).

1766

Kahekili becomes ruling chief

1768

Birth of Ka'ahumanu

1778

January 18, 1778:  Captain James Cook, British commander of HMS Resolution and HMS Discovery, sights Oahu and Kauai. Cook names the "Sandwich Islands" after the Earl of Sandwich, first lord of the admiralty.

1779

February 13, 1779:  Captain James Cook is slain at water's edge at Kealakekua Bay, Hawaii.

1781

Birth of Kapiolani

1782

Accession of Kamehameha

1785

Kamehameha takes Ka'ahumanu for his wife

1785

Kamehameha deserts Ka'ahumanu

1787

Kaima, a local chieftain, sails with fur trader ship "Nootka" to China and North America. His return in 1788 encourages other Hawaiians to sign on other ships.

1790

Battle of Ka'uwa'u-pali (Clawed off the cliff) & Ke-pani-wai (Damming of the Waters)

Kamehameha fills Maui's Kahului harbor with a fleet of war canoes and a cannon (operated by two Europeans: John Young and Issac Davis). On the 3rd day of war, Kamehameha brings out the cannon and slaughters Maui's then-reigning King Kahekili's warriors.

1791

Rum introduced to Hawaiians.

1792

March 1, 1792:  Captain George Vancouver's (1758-1798) first of three visits (between 1792 and 1794) to "aid so far as possible in the improvement of the early nationalities," by order of Britain's King George III and to continue exploration and survey of the Sandwich Islands.

On his second trip, Vancouver brings cows from California, introducing cattle-raising to Hawaii.

1793

Kahekili dies

1794

February 25, 1794:  King Kamehameha and principal chiefs assemble on HMS Discovery in Kealakekua Bay and in presence of Captain George Vancouver and Lieutenant Peter Puget, cedes the Big Island of Hawaii to Vancouver's sovereign Great Britain, acknowledging themselves to be subjects of Great Britain.

 


1795 - 1893

The Kingdom of Hawaii

1795

Kamehameha conquers Maui, Lanai, Molokai and Oahu.

Accession of Kamehameha I as King of the Kingdom of Hawaii (born approx 1736 - 1758 - died May 8, 1819)

1796

Kamehameha unsuccessfully invades Kauai

1797

Birth of Kamehameha II ("Liholiho").

1802

A Chinese entrepreneur brings a sugar mill and boiler aboard a sandalwood trading ship and starts first sugar production on Lanai.

1804

Unknown epidemic disease decimates Hawaiian population.

1809

Kamehameha weds Kekauluohi

1810

Kamehameha wins sovereignty over Kauai through island diplomacy and unifies all Hawaiian islands under a single rule.

1819

May 8, 1819:  Kamehameha dies in Kona.

Accession of Kamehameha II (Iolani Liholiho, 1797-1824) and Queen Kaahumanu as joint rulers of the Kingdom of Hawaii.

Kamehameha II orders destruction of all heiau and end to the kapu (taboo) system idol worship, abolishing traditional Hawaiian religion.

Arrival of French ship at Kawaihae.

September:  First whaleships from New England arrive.

1820

March 30, 1820:  PROTESTANT MISSIONARIES: First Protestant New England missionaries arrive on "Thaddeus," at Kailua, Hawaii.

1823

November 27, 1823:  Kamehameha II and members of royal family board English whaler "L'Aigle" and set sail for England.  Arriving in England the following Spring, Queen Kamamalu contracts measles and dies. Kamehameha II dies a week later: July 14, 1824.

1824

July 14, 1824:  Kamehameha II dies.

1825

Ship returns Kamehameha II's body.

June 6, 1825:  Accession of Kamehameha III (Kauikeaouli, 1814-1854). Queen Kaahumanu continues as regent.

1825-6

Cultivation of cotton and sugar.

1826

Protestant missionaries write Hawaiian-language bible, translating Hawaiian spoken language to 7 consonants (h, k, l, m, n, p, w) and 5 vowels (a, e, i, o, u).

Severe epidemic kills chiefs and commoners.

December 27, 1826:  First general tax enacted; to provide revenue for shipbuilding and other commercial developments.

1827

July 7, 1827:  CATHOLIC MISSIONARIES: French ship, Comete, brings Roman Catholic missionaries to Honolulu.

1828

Two Chinese introduce a sugar mill on Maui.

1830

Birth of Kamehameha V

1831

December 31, 1831:  Hawaiians send Catholic priests home, after discord develops between French Catholic priests, local residents and American Protestant groups.

Lahainaluna School opens in Maui.

1835

First large-scale sugar plantation started at Koloa, Kauai.

Reverend D. Baldwin moves to Lahaina.

1836

Hawaii's first boarding school for girls opens in Wailuku. (Now home of Bailey House Museum, operated by the Maui Historical Society)

1838-9

Mumps epidemic.

1840

October 8, 1840:  Kamehameha III proclaims First Constitution; includes provisions for freedom of worship.

Arrival of Catholics under Bishop Rouchouze.

1841

Death of Kapiolani

1842

U.S. President John Tyler recognizes the Kingdom of Hawaii by invoking the Monroe Doctrine to discourage intervention by European powers; agrees to Hawaiian independence.

1843

February 10, 1843:  British frigate "Carysfort" arrives in Honolulu and demands "provisional cession" of kingdom to Great Britain, a misdirected effort to insure permanent British influence in the Hawaiian islands.

July 26, 1843:  Admiral Richard Thomas arrives in HMS flagship "Dublin" with instructions to rescind cession and complete favorable trade treaty.

July 31, 1843:  Hawaiian flag again raised in ceremonies that included British recognition of the Hawaiian kingdom. In celebration of the return of the kingdom to Kamehameha III, royal clemency is granted to all prisoners; all prisons and penal colonies in Hawaii are vacated.

1844

U.S. ratifies recognition of Hawaii

March 9, 1844:  American attorney John Ricord reorganizes legal codes of the Hawaiian kingdom, establishing a cabinet system of government, and creation of land commission to modernize feudal tenurial system, and organization of a court system that includes local judicial services throughout the islands.

1845

The Hawaiian capital is moved from whaling port of Lahaina to the Honolulu harbor.

1846

March 19, 1864:  Joseph De Veuster arrives in Honululu.

1846 - 1855

The Great Mahele, privatization of lands. The division of lands between public lands (including a special category of Crown lands) and private land to be owned and transferred by ordinary citizens.

King Kamehameha III, his chiefs, Hawaiians and foreigners convert traditional Hawaiian land ownership ("Ahupua'a") to Western fee-simple titles.

1848

Measles introduced; epidemic.

1849

April:  French consul, Guillame P. Dillon, seeks to arrange French acquisition of the Hawaiian islands. British and American protest lead to repudiation of Dillon's plan.

1850

MORMON MISSIONARIES: Mormon missionaries arrive.

June 21, 1850:  Hawaiian legislature authorizes establishment of a contract labor system, as means to bring needed work forces to Hawaiian islands.

August:  A resolution of Hawaii's Privy Council officially designates Honolulu as the Kingdom's capital.

1852

CHINESE MIGRATION: First Chinese contract workers arrive.

June 14, 1852:  New Constitution promulgated by Kamehameha III, to replace simple Constitution of 1840, incorporating many of Ricord's reforms of 1844 and establishing a stronger government to assure continued international recognition.

1854

December 15, 1854:  Death of Kamehameha III

1855

January 11, 1855:  Accession of Kamehameha IV (Alexander Liholiho, 1834-1863)

1856

William Hyde Rice completed the first irrigation ditch for sugar for the Lihue Plantation in East Kauai.

1863

November 30, 1863:  Death of Kamehameha IV (age 29)

Accession of Kamehameha V (Lot, 1830-1872)

1864

May 31, 1864:  Joseph De Veuster is ordained at Cathedral of Our Lady of Peace in Honolulu; now known as Father Damien; shortly thereafter he is sent to Puna on the Big Island.

August 20, 1864:  Seeking greater economic independence, strong trade agreements with Britain and France, and a more favorable sugar import agreement with the United States, Kamehameha IV abrogates Constitution of 1852 and replaces it with less liberal one.

1865

Father Damien is transferred to Districts of Kohala and Hamakua were he spends next 8 years.

Hawaiian government establishes a place for banishing patients with Hansen's Disease ("leprosy") at Kalawao, Kalaupapa Peninsula, Molokai.

1866

January:  First Hansen Disease patients arrive at Kalawao, Molokai.

December 23, 1866:  35 Hansen Disease patients gather to organize the congregation Siloame and establish first church at Kalawao, Molokai.

1867

May 21, 1867:  Hawaiian-American reciprocity treaty achieves goal of Kamehameha V in opening new sugar market for kingdom of Hawaii. American ratification is delayed until 1870 by opposition of sugar lobby in Senate.

1868

JAPANESE MIGRATION: First Japanese contract workers arrive.

1870

Samuel T. Alexander and Henry P. Baldwin (both missionary sons) buy 12 acres in upper Paia to grow sugar cane

1871

"Siloame, The Church of the Healing Spring" is dedicated at Kalawao, Molokai.

1872

Brother Victovin Bertrant builds wooden chapel in Honolulu and transports it to Kalawao, Molokai. It is blessed May 30th and dedicated to St. Philomena. This church is later expanded by Father Damien, and then commonly known as "Father Damien's Church."

December 11, 1872:  Death of Kamehameha V (age 42).

Pursuant to new Constitution, special session of Legislature is called to select new King from 2 candidates: William Charles Lunalilo and David Kalakaua. Lunalilo proposes popular referendum on selection; landslide vote leads Legislature to declare him the next king.

1873

January 10, 1873:  Selections for new cabinet reflects restoration of American influence; all but one of the cabinet appointees is American-born. King Lunalilo's lack of sympathy for traditional Hawaiian customs soon undermines his popularity.

May 10, 1873:  Father Damien de Veuster, at age 33, arrives on Molokai to aid Hansen Disease victims.

William C. Lunalilo (1835-1874) is elected King, last of the Kamehameha dynasty.

Makawao residents in Maui employ Professor William D. Alexander (brother of Samuel and James Alexander) to make a preliminary survey of a proposed route for an aqueduct from Hamakua Maui streams to Makawao.

1874

February 3, 1874:  King Lunalilo dies.

February 12, 1874:  David Kalakaua (The "Merrie Monarch," 1836-1891) elected King by the Legislature.

November 17, 1874:  King Kalakaua sails for United States on American warship "Benicia" on goodwill tour and to achieve a more favorable reciprocity treaty.

1875

January 30, 1875:  Hawaii-United States Treaty is signed, opening broad market for Hawaiian exports and marking the beginning of great prosperity for the islands. Americans invest in large-scale irrigated farming and improved sugar refining processes.

1876

March 1876:  Harry Baldwin's right arm is amputated after a mill accident

August 1876:  Reciprocity Treaty with the United States is ratified and takes effect; giving unprecedented boost to island sugar industry.

August 21, 1876:  A&B seek to bring water from crown lands in East Maui to Paia sugar fields. Application made to King Kalakaua just 6 days after U.S. President Ulysses S. Grant signs act of Congress putting the Reciprocity Treaty into effect. It is stipulated that the ditch be finished within 2 years.

November 2, 1876:  Hamakua Ditch Company (present-day "East Maui Irrigation Company") is formed: Company owners to share costs and water: Haiku Sugar owned 9/20 shares, A&B owned 5/20 shares; James Alexander 2/20 shares; Grove Ranch/T.H. Hobron 4/20 shares.

1877

Claus Spreckels (San Francisco sugar baron) explores undeveloped lands on Maui and Samuel Alexander points out opportunities. Spreckels later claims this is when he first conceived idea for his first ditch.

1878

Spreckels returns to Hawaii with Herman Schussler, irrigation engineer with plans for 30-mile ditch.

Spreckels requests rights from Kalakaua; however, Kalakaua's cabinet says no.

King Kalakaua dismisses disagreeable cabinet, and at a midnight meeting with new cabinet gives Spreckels rights to build his ditch. Kalakaua's books show a loan of $4,000 from Spreckels on this date.

It is stipulated that the A&B "Hamakua" ditch would to go to Spreckels if the A&B ditch were not completed by September 30, 1978 (within the 2 years previously allotted).

September 1878:   A&B ditch completed: 23 months to build 17 miles of ditch, cost: $80,000 and 200 men, capable of carrying 40 million gallons of water a day.

1879

Spreckels begins work on 2nd ditch

1879

PORTUGESE MIGRATION: Portugese land at McGregor Point

1880

King Kalakaua increasingly invokes extraordinary powers of the Constitution to dismiss cabinets that fail to ratify his proposals, leading to increasing corruption in government.

Claus Spreckels and Celso Caesar Moreno (Italian ship owner) gain profitable positions in Kalakaua administration.

August 14, 1880:  Celso Caesar Moreno becomes Prime Minister after King Kalakaua suspends the legislative session for failing to grant $10 million loan to steamship company. Popular uprising forces Moreno to resign five days later.

1881

King Kalakaua travels around the world to promote commerce and encourage immigration to Hawaii.

1883

King Kalakaua holds coronation ceremony at newly built Iolani Palace; revives the hula.

1885

Father Damien is diagnosed with Hansen's Disease.

1886

King Kalakaua signs Opium Bill.

Marketable pineapples introduced to Hawaiian islands from Jamaica.

1887

U.S. Senate ratifies an extension of the Reciprocity Treaty with Hawaii on condition of American acquisition of a Naval Base at Pearl Harbor. Upon public assurances that the cession of Pearl Harbor would not compromise Hawaiian sovereignty, King Kalakaua ratifies the treaty on October 20; U.S. President Grover Cleveland proclaims the treaty on November 9.

Demands of American residents for radical political reforms result in proclamation of new Constitution, providing for "Cabinet Government." This "Bayonet Constitution" abolishes King Kalakaua's power to dismiss cabinets at will, and creates a legislative power to override his veto.

1888

November 14, 1888:  Mother Marianne, Sister Leopoldina, Sister Vicent arrive at Kalawao settlement in Molokai, and establish the Bishop Home For Girls.

1889

April 15, 1889:  Father Damien de Veuster dies of Hansen's Disease on Molokai (age 49).

July 30, 1889:  Disgruntled with King Kalakaua, native Hawaiians, a growing number of anti-monarchists and reformers, unsuccessfully attempt a coup d'etat.

Author Robert Louis Stevenson arrives in Honolulu.

1891

January 20, 1891:  King Kalakaua dies during visit to San Francisco

January 29, 1891:  Kalakaua's sister, Liliuokalani (1838-1917, becomes last reigning monarch of Hawaii.

1892

Grumbling under Queen Liliuokalani's firm independent rule, and the severe depression caused by the McKinley Tariff of 1890, American sugar interests in Hawaii begin plans for overthrowing the Kingdom of Hawaii and its annexation by the United States.

1893

ANNEXATION

January 14, 1893:  Aware of growing opposition against her, Queen Liliuokalani proposes a new Constitution to appease some of the Hawaiian leaders and undercut American plotters. Her new cabinet; however, refuses to approve the draft.

January 17, 1893:  Annexation uprising begins.

Government office building is seized, from which a public proclamation is made of the end of the monarchy and establishment of a provisional government under Sanford B. Dole, a member of the Hawaiian Supreme Court.

American minister, John B. Stevens, supports Dole's group by landing marines from the USS Boston, then in Honolulu harbor.

February 14, 1893:  Anticipating immediate annexation, the provisional government dispatches a commission to Washington empowered to draft a treaty of annexation. U.S. President Benjamin Harrison (R) signs this treaty and promptly submits it to the Senate.

The Senate fails to act on the Treaty before President Harrison's term expires.

Hawaiian Monarchy overthrown.

Provisional government instituted.


 

1893 - 1898

The Republic of Hawaii

1894

Republic of Hawaii is established. U.S. President Grover Cleveland (D) recognizes the Republic of Hawaii, with Sanford Dole (1844-1926) as its President.

Suspecting foul play in overthrow of Hawaii, President Cleveland withdraws annexation treaty from Senate and opposes acquisition of the islands. Annexationists abandon hope with Cleveland in office.

1895

Conspirators seeking to restore the monarchy by a coup d'etat are surprised and captured at Waikiki. Perceiving that the New Republic of Hawaii had received general diplomatic recognition, Queen Liliuokalani agrees to absolute abdication of her throne and takes oath of allegiance to the Republic.

1896

The government of the New Republic of Hawaii passes English language law:

"The English language shall be the medium and basis of instruction in all public and private schools. ... Any school that shall not conform to the provisions of this section shall not be recognized by the Department."

1897

June 16, 1897:  Recently inaugurated U.S. President William McKinley (R) submits a new treaty of annexation. Though supported by majority of Senate, not enough for required 2/3 vote.

September 10, 1897:  Hawaiian President Dole signs Annexation Treaty and Hawaiian Senate approves it.

1898

Spreckel's company, Hawaiian Commercial & Sugar, is taken over by Maui sugar planters.

May 1898:  Outbreak of Spanish-American War. Hawaii's Honolulu regime, fearful of Spanish cruisers in its waters decides to aid the U.S.

Hawaii becomes U.S. Base of Operations against Philippines. Hawaii is the necessary coaling station in the Pacific.

July 7, 1898:  Annexationists in Congress devise plan to circumvent 2/3 vote requirement for ratification and substitute resolution of annexation to both Houses. House of Representatives adopts resolution on June 15, the Senate adopts resolution on July 6, President McKinley signs Treaty on July 7th.

August 12, 1898:  United States annexation of Hawaii. The Republic of Hawaii cedes and transfers approximately 1.75 million acres of government and Crown lands to the United States.


1900 - 1959

The Territory of Hawaii

1900

Territory (Organic Act)

June:  The Territory of Hawaii is inaugurated. U.S. President William McKinley signs the Organic Act, defining the status of the territory and its framework of government.

The Organic Act confirms the Republic of Hawaii's cession of lands to the United States, and provides that the Territory of Hawaii would retain control and management of the ceded lands, except those lands "set aside" for the United States.

1st Territorial Governor Sanford B. Dole

December 23, 1900:  PUERTO RICAN MIGRATION: 56 Puerto Ricans. The first to come to Hawaiian Islands, landed at Lahaina to work the sugar mill at Pioneer Mill in Lahaina.

1901

James Dole organizes Hawaiian Pineapple Company.

1903

2nd Territorial Governor George B. Carter (1866-1933)

1905

The government of the Territory of Hawaii passes a law forbidding use of Hawaiian language in the schools.

1907

3rd Territorial Governor Walter F. Frear (1863-1948)

1908

Hamakua Ditch Company becomes "East Maui Irrigation"

Construction of Pearl Harbor begins.

1910

September 4, 1910:  The College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts (now the University of Hawaii) opens its doors.

1911

Pearl Harbor opens as U.S. Naval Base.

1912

Hawaiian's surfing legend, Duke Kahanamoku winds gold medal in the 100-meter freestyle swim at Olympic Games, Sweden.

1913

4th Territorial Governor Lucius E. Pinkham (1913-1918)

1918

5th Territorial Governor Charles J. McCarthy (1918-1921)

1920

Frank E. Midkiff becomes president of Kamehameha Schools and reinstates Hawaiian language at the school, making it a required course for seniors.

1920-30

The Molasses Trade

1921

6th Territorial Governor Wallace R. Farrington (1871-1933)

1922

Hawaiian Pineapple Company purchases most of Lanai, introducing large-scale planting, canning and shipping.

1925

Flight of John Rodgers from West Coast to Hawaiian waters.

1927

The Royal Hawaiian Hotel on Waikiki Beach opens.

First nonstop flight from U.S. Mainland to Honolulu.

1929

7th Territorial Governor Lawrence M. Judd (1887-1968)

1934

8th Territorial Governor Joseph B. Poindexter (1869-1951)

1936

Trans-Pacific passenger airline service established by Pan American Airlines.

1941

December 7, 1941:  Japanese attack U.S. Naval Base at Pearl Harbor. Islands placed under martial law.

1942

9th Territorial Governor Ingram M. Stainback (1883-1961)

1944

July 19, 1944: Democratic National Convention formally endorses statehood for Hawaii

1945

December 22, 1945:  U.S. Secretary of Interior Harold L. Ickes, with direct responsibility for territorial government, officially recommends statehood for Hawaii, on basis of its outstanding record during World War II.

1946

January 7, 1946:  House of Representatives Territorial Committee opened first hearings on statehood question. Over next ten years, the statehood question gains favor in the House, but opposition in the Senate.

1948

February 2, 1948:  U.S. President Harry S. Truman endorses Hawaii statehood bill in annual message to Congress.

1951

10th Territorial Governor Oren E. Long (1889-1965)

1956

11th Territorial Governor Samuel Wilder King (1886-1959)

1957

12th Territorial Governor William F. Quinn (1919 - )



1959

The State of Hawaii

1959

August 21, 1959:  Statehood; U.S. President Eisenhower proclaims statehood.

Hawaii is admitted as the United States' 50th state.

As a compact of statehood, the United States transfers former Hawaiian Government and Crown lands to the state of Hawaii, and places the land in a public trust. The Admission Act provides that the land and its proceeds must be used only for Native Hawaiians and specific public purposes.

August:  William Quinn takes office as Hawaii's First State Governor.

1960

1st State Governor John A. Burns (1909 - 1975)

1960's

Miconia was first introduced to Maui as an ornamental plant in Hana, then quickly spread to the surrounding forests.  By 1993, one plant had multiplied into thousands, distributed over a 2,000-acre area.

1961

Groundwater Use Act (HRS, Ch 177)

1978

Constitutional Convention establishes the Office of Hawaiian Affairs ("OHA") and designates it as the body which is to hold title to all real or personal property set aside or conveyed to it as a trust for Native Hawaiians.

At the Constitutional Convention, a provision is passed granting Hawaiian language the same official status as English. A second provision is also passed mandating that the study of Hawaiian language be given special promotion by the State.

1983

A group of Hawaiian language teachers organize on Kauai to form "'Aha Punana Leo, Inc.," to promote Hawaiian language education.

1986

John Waihee, first elected governor of Hawaiian ancestry, takes office as Hawaii's Fourth Governor.

1987

The United States' first indigenous language immersion classes of elementary school level opens; one at Keaukaha Elementary School in Hilo and the other at Waiau Elementary School in Pearl City, Oahu. One year later, the state Board of Education proclaims the public schools' language immersion program ("Kula Kaiapuni Hawaii") a success and grants the program permission to continue.

Water Code Enacted (Act 45, SLH 1987; codified at HRS, Ch 174(c))

1989

Hawaii Legislature creates Hale Kuam'o Hawaiian Language Center at University of Hawaii, Hilo.

1991

Hawaii State Board of Education approves continuation of Kula Kaiapuni Hawaii (the public schools' language immersion program) through 12th grade.

November 23, 1991:  East Maui Watershed Partnership is formed to protect East Maui's watershed. Members are East Maui Irrigation Company, Haleakala National Park, Haleakala Ranch, the Nature Conservancy, the State Department of Land and Natural Resources, and Keola Hana Maui. The partnership sponsors activities including public educational programs, animal and week control, resource monitoring, and infrastructure management.

1997

June 29, 1997:  Governor Benjamin Cayetano signs a bill establishing a Hawaiian language college (a part of the University of Hawaii, Hilo), the first in the United States to be conducted entirely in a Native American language.


BIBLIOGRAPHY

American Imperialism in 1898, The Quest for National Fulfillment, New York University Press, 1970, Richard H. Miller

Chronology and Documentary Handbook of the State of Hawaii, Oceana Publications, Inc., Dobbs Ferry, New York, 1978, Eds. Helen Jennings, William F. Swindler.

"Environment Hawaii," Environment Hawaii, Inc., Hilo, HI, Volume 8, Number 2, August 1997, Editor Patricia Tummons

Expansionists of 1898, The Acquisition of Hawaii and the Spanish Islands, The Johns Hopkins Press, 1936, Julius W. Pratt

Hawaii, A Literary Chronicle, Funk & Wagnalls, New York, 1967, W. Storrs Lee.

"The Hawaii Water Code: Its Evolution," William M. Tam, Department of Attorney General, Speaker at Ke'anae-Wailuanui Water Conference, Ke'anae YMCA, August 18-19, 1997 

Holy Rosary Church, Paia, Maui

"Islands of Exile," Carol Silva, Spirit of Aloha Magazine, Aloha Airlines, December 1977

Kalaupapa Peninsula, Molokai

Maui Historical Society, Wailuku, Maui

Maui Multi-Cultural Council

"Movement of People and Ideas Across the Pacific," George F. Carter, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland. Plants and the Migrations of Pacific Peoples, A Symposium, Tenth Pacific Science Congress, Honolulu, HI 1961, Bishop Museum Press, 1963, edited by Jacques Barrau.

"The OHA Legislative Report; Ceded Lands -- An Historical Perspective" printed in the Maui News, April 2, 1997

The Penguin Guide to Hawaii 1991, Penguin Books, New York, General Editor, Alan Tucker, 1990

Ruling Chiefs of Hawaii, The Kamehameha School Press, Honolulu, 1992, Samuel M. Kamakau

"E Ola Ka 'Olelo Hawai'i: The Hawaiian Language Shall Live," Martha Noyes, Spirit of Aloha Magazine, Aloha Airlines, December 1977

"The United States and Hawaii During the Spanish-American War," Thomas A. Bailey, in Essays Diplomatic and Undiplomatic of Thomas A. Bailey, Appleton-Century-Crofts Educational Division, Meredith Corporation, New York, 1969, Alexander De Conde and Armin Rappaport


 

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